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The Crowd – A study for popular mind

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Preface.
The following work is devoted to an account of the characteristics of crowds.
The whole of the common characteristics with which heredity endows the
individuals of a race constitute the genius of the race. When, however, a
certain number of these individuals are gathered together in a crowd for
purposes of action, observation proves that, from the mere fact of their being
assembled, there result certain new psychological characteristics, which are
added to the racial characteristics and differ from them at times to a very
considerable degree.
Organised crowds have always played an important part in the life of peoples,
but this part has never been of such moment as at present. The substitution of
the unconscious action of crowds for the conscious activity of individuals is
one of the principal characteristics of the present age.
I have endeavoured to examine the difficult problem presented by crowds in
a purely scientific manner — that is, by making an effort to proceed with
method, and without being influenced by opinions, theories, and doctrines.
This, I believe, is the only mode of arriving at the discovery of some few
particles of truth, especially when dealing, as is the case here, with a question
that is the subject of impassioned controversy. A man of science bent on
verifying a phenomenon is not called upon to concern himself with the
interests his verifications may hurt. In a recent publication an eminent thinker,
M. Goblet d’Alviela, made the remark that, belonging to none of the
contemporary schools, I am occasionally found in opposition of sundry of the
conclusions of all of them. I hope this new work will merit a similar observation.
To belong to a school is necessarily to espouse its prejudices and
preconceived opinions.
Still I should explain to the reader why he will find me draw conclusions
from my investigations which it might be thought at first sight they do not
bear; why, for instance, after noting the extreme mental inferiority of crowds,
picked assemblies included, I yet affirm it would be dangerous to meddle with
their organisation, notwithstanding this inferiority.

SKU: 003 - SLOT SCV 022 AW Categories: ,

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Table of Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Introduction. The Era of Crowds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Book I. The Mind of Crowds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Chapter I. General Characteristics of Crowds. — Psychological Law of
Their Mental Unity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Chapter II. The Sentiments and Morality of Crowds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Chapter III. The Ideas, Reasoning Power, and Imagination of Crowds.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Chapter IV. A Religious Shape Assumed by All the Convictions of
Crowds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Book II. The Opinions and Beliefs of Crowds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Chapter I. Remote Factors of the Opinions and Beliefs of Crowds.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Chapter II. The Immediate Factors of the Opinions of Crowds. . . . . . . . 59
Chapter III. The Leaders of Crowds and Their Means of Persuasion.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Chapter IV. Limitations of the Variability of the Beliefs and Opinions of
Crowds.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Book III. The Classification and Description of the Different Kinds of Crowds.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Chapter I. The Classification of Crowds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Chapter II. Crowds Termed Criminal Crowds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Chapter III. Criminal Juries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Chapter IV. Electoral Crowds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Chapter V. Parliamentary Assemblies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

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